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What is Sarcoma
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Sarcomas are a type of cancer that originate in the tissues that support and connect the body's organs. Unlike carcinomas, which are the most common type of cancer arising from epithelial cells, sarcomas develop from mesenchymal cells (e.g., connective tissues, muscles, bones, fat, nerves, and blood vessels). Sarcomas can occur anywhere in the body, but they are most frequently found in the extremities, such as the arms or legs. These tumours can also affect the trunk, head, and neck regions.
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There are various subtypes of sarcomas, including soft tissue sarcomas and bone sarcomas. Soft tissue sarcomas can arise from muscles, tendons, blood vessels, fat, nerves, and other supporting tissues. Some examples of soft tissue sarcomas include liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and synovial sarcoma. On the other hand, bone sarcomas, such as osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, originate in the bones.
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Sarcomas are relatively rare compared to other types of cancer, accounting for about 1% of all adult cancers, but they can occur in children as well. These cancers can be aggressive and may require a multidisciplinary approach involving surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy for treatment. If you suspect you or someone you know may have a sarcoma, it is important to consult with a medical professional for diagnosis and appropriate management.
signs & symptoms of Sarcoma
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The signs and symptoms of sarcoma can vary depending on the location, size, and subtype of the tumour. In the early stages, sarcomas may not produce noticeable symptoms, but as they grow, certain signs may manifest. Here are some common signs and symptoms associated with sarcomas:
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A palpable mass or lump:
One of the most common indications of sarcoma is the presence of a painless lump or mass under the skin or in deeper tissues. The lump may be growing in size over time.
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Pain or tenderness:
Sarcomas can cause pain or discomfort, especially when the tumour presses against nerves, muscles, or other structures.
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Limited range of motion:
Depending on the location of the sarcoma, it may restrict movement or cause joint stiffness if it affects the muscles, tendons, joints, or other supportive tissues.
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Localised swelling:
Tumours in tissues near the surface may result in noticeable swelling or enlargement of the affected area.
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Weight loss and fatigue:
As the sarcoma progresses, general symptoms like unintentional weight loss, fatigue, and a feeling of weakness may occur.
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Bone pain or fractures:
If a sarcoma develops in the bones, it can lead to persistent pain or may cause fractures that occur without much force or trauma.
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Abdominal symptoms:
Sarcomas in the abdomen or gastrointestinal tract may cause abdominal pain, discomfort, bloating, or nausea.
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Neurological symptoms:
Sarcomas near nerves can cause symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected area, or even paralysis in severe cases.
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It is important to note that these symptoms can be attributed to various other conditions as well, so it's crucial to consult a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation and diagnosis.
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