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Surgery:

Surgery plays a crucial role in treating sarcoma and often involves the removal of the tumour and surrounding healthy tissue. The extent of surgery depends on the sarcoma's location and size, and it may involve limb-sparing surgery (removing the tumour while preserving function) or amputation in some cases. In addition to the initial surgery, additional surgeries may be required for recurrent or metastatic sarcoma.

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Radiation therapy:

Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to target and destroy cancer cells. It may be administered before surgery (neoadjuvant) to shrink the tumour, after surgery (adjuvant) to eliminate any remaining cancer cells, or as palliative treatment to relieve symptoms in advanced cases. Radiation therapy may be used alone or in combination with surgery and chemotherapy.

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Chemotherapy:

Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs that kill cancer cells. It is typically administered in cases where there is a higher risk of metastasis or when the sarcoma has spread to other parts of the body. Chemotherapy may be given before surgery (neoadjuvant), after surgery (adjuvant), or for metastatic sarcoma. The specific drugs used depend on the subtype of sarcoma.

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Targeted therapy:

Some subtypes of sarcoma can be treated with targeted therapies. These therapies work by specifically targeting genetic mutations or abnormalities in cancer cells, inhibiting their growth and spread.

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Immunotherapy:

Immunotherapy helps boost the body's immune system to recognise and attack cancer cells. Although it is not a standard treatment for all sarcomas, it may be explored in certain cases or as part of clinical trials.